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（中国这十年·斯人）“杂交谷子之父”赵治海：瘠田飘出谷米香******
中新社石家庄10月12日电 题：“杂交谷子之父”赵治海：瘠田飘出谷米香
作者 赵丹媚
“种植‘张杂谷’五亩能脱贫，十亩能致富，百八十亩盖房娶媳妇”，这是“张杂谷”种植发源地河北张家口宣化地区流传的一句话。人们所说的“张杂谷”，正是“杂交谷子之父”赵治海及其团队的研究成果。
今年64岁的张家口市农业科学院学术委员会主任赵治海是中国知名农业科学家，业界有“南有袁隆平，北有赵治海”之称。种过地、赶过马车，年少时“地里刨食”的生活，让他深知一粒一粟来之不易。1982年大学毕业后，赵治海选择回到家乡河北张家口，与杂交谷子“打交道”。
资料图为2021年2月22日，赵治海在查看“张杂谷”长势。 中新社发 受访者供图利用杂交育种技术，赵治海及其团队培育出具有自主知识产权的“张杂谷”系列品种，其表现高产、抗旱、优质、高效，将中国北方干旱半干旱地区谷子亩产从200公斤至300公斤提高到400公斤至600公斤，并创造了亩产811.9公斤的世界谷子高产纪录。同时，“张杂谷”还走出国门，在非洲埃塞俄比亚、乌干达等十余个国家试种成功。
中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手中，为了这一目标，近十年，赵治海将研究重点转向以饲料为主的谷子、谷草上。
谈及缘由，赵治海说，谷子作为杂粮，现在人们吃得少了，但谷子是粮草兼用作物，谷草是优质饲草，在农牧交错带发展杂交谷子产业，既可解决当地粮食增产、农民增收问题，还可解决饲草问题，让人们吃到放心的肉蛋奶，此为“藏粮于畜”。
资料图为2021年2月22日，赵治海正在观察谷子。 中新社发 受访者供图2022年2月，饲用谷子被列入中国农业农村部印发的《“十四五”全国饲草产业发展规划》。赵治海说，牛羊育肥需要精饲料，若把谷子作为精饲料，谷草作为粗饲料，会使牛羊肉的质量大大提高。“实验表明，喂食了谷草的羊，肉中的不饱和脂肪酸比普通羊肉高50%，肉质细腻，且价格比普通羊肉每斤贵30元(人民币)，一些贫困地区可以通过发展高档牛羊肉增收致富。”
“在育种上，追求高产是不变的主题，但不考虑环境承受力的追求高产不是我们的初衷。”赵治海说，一些干旱、土地贫瘠的地区无法耕种、放牧，但适合种植谷子这种生态友好作物，若为了追求高产而广灌溉、施肥，不仅会增加农民种地成本，也会破坏当地生态。“若能合理利用这些地区，或许中国制定的18亿亩耕地红线这个数字可以扩大，更好地保证粮食安全。”
赵治海坦言，他今天仍然有压力，杂交谷子是张家口市农业科学院几代人50余年接力研究的成果，恢复谷子的主粮地位，储备谷子生产技能，打破国外苜蓿牧草的垄断，助农增收，这个目标一直激励着他。
如今，“张杂谷”系列成果不断扩大，已有粮食类20多个品种、饲草类3个品种，形成了适应水、旱地，春、夏播，早、晚熟配套的品种格局，基本覆盖了中国谷子适播区的所有生态类型。
“我们将进一步加大谷子新品种研发力度，提高产量，发展优质饲草饲料，藏粮于畜。”正是因为挨过饿、吃过苦，赵治海明白，粮食问题不仅仅是某个国家的问题，人类必须寻求解决吃饭问题的新途径，同时保护地球的可持续发展。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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